Radiation & Risk
Issue 9
Contents
Preface
to English Translation R.Wilson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Scientific Articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Alexakhin R.M.
Agricultural Radioecology: Results, currently central tasks and prospects
(results of the 10 year investigations in the area of the Chernobyl nuclear
power plant accident in 1986)
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Abstract: Results are presented of investigations of radionuclide
migration in agricultural chains in the system soil-plant-animal-food products
on the territory affected by the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident in
1986. The principal countermeasures in the agroindustrial complex that decreased
of radionuclide content in agricultural produce and reduction in the internal
dose of irradiation are described. The impact of this accident on agriculture
is considered.
Isamov N.N., Kozmin G.V., Kruglikov B.P., Ivanov
V.L., Grudin N.S., Shevchenko A.S., Grudina N.V., Ulyanenko L.N., Sarukhanov
V.Ya., Sarapultsev I.A., Shevchenko T.S., Eliseyeva I.V.
State of health of agricultural animals on the territories affected by the
radioactive contamination resulting from the ChNPP accident
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11
Abstract: Analysis of the effect of radiation on agricultural
animals as a result of the ChNPP accident is presented. The state of health
of agricultural animals was determined using a complex mixture of clinico-physiological,
immunological, biochemical and biophysical indices. The results of investigations
from different contaminated districts of Russia, Belarus and Ukraine are described.
The changes occurring in the state of separate functional systems of the
body of animals were demonstrated to be mainly connected with radiation injury
of the thyroid during the acute period of the accident.
Fesenko S.V., Sanzharova N.I., Lisyansky K.B.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of agricultural countermeasures after the
accident at the Chernobyl NPP
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Abstract: A brief description is presented of the decision support
system FORCON that provides advice on agricultural countermeasure strategy
on contaminated territory. A comparative analysis is made of different strategies
of countermeasure implementation in the settlements that are situated on the
contaminated territory. It has been shown that implementation of the most
effective of the possible countermeasures could provide a 3-fold decrease
in collective doses from the consumption of food produced in the affected
areas.
Ratnikov A.N., Filipas A.S., Zigareva T.L., Ulyanenko
L.N., Popova G.I.
On the problem of crop management in the radioactive contaminated territories
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Abstract: The effectiveness of both separate and combined application
of lime, potassium and organic fertilisers in decreasing 137Cs
accumulation in crop yield after the ChNPP accident has been demonstrated
in field experiments on soddy-podzolic sandy contaminated soil as a result
of the ChNPP accident. It was revealed that the radiocaesium transfer to crop
products can be controlled by selecting crop species with different radionuclide
accumulation ability. The technology of tillage was found to reduce radionuclide
concentration in the yield up to a factor of 2. The problems of optimization
of cereal crop protection on contaminated areas are considered. The advisability
of using the method of which makes possible stabilization of the phytosanitary
situation and thus reducing pesticide application. In this case the yield
gain and minimization of radiocaesium transfer to products is achieved.
Kotik Zh.A., Sanzharova N.I., Kuznetsov V.K.
Reduction in annual intake of 137Cs by the population after countermeasures
application on leached and podzolized chernozems
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Abstract: The influence of various countermeasures on the annual
intake of 137Cs by the local population was investigated in experiments
on fields in the Tula region contaminated after the accident on ChNPP. The
effectiveness was evaluated by the reduction factor of the radionuclide accumulation
in crop products. The most effective countermeasures in the region of leached
and podzolized chernozems are: liming, application of mineral fertilisers
at increased rates of phosphorus and potassium, selection of species and
varieties. After complex application of countermeasures on chernozems intake
of 137Cs by local population due to the consumption of staples
was reduced by up to 2 times.
Fesenko S.V., Spiridonov S.I., Yatsalo B.I.
Mathematical modelling in radioecological studies
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Abstract: This paper describes the history of development and
the main directions of studies on mathematical modelling in the Russian Institute
of Agricultural Radiology and Agroecology in Obninsk.
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